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United Nations Confidence Restoration OperationUnited Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO) was a United Nations peacekeeping mission. Approximately 860 Canadian Forces personnel deployed to the Balkans with the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in the spring of 1992, followed by a second deployment of 800 in Sep of that year. For three years, from the fall of 1992 to the fall of 1995 there were approximately 1,600 Canadians in the Balkans at any one time, as part of UNPROFOR, the United Nations Peace Forces Headquarters (UNPF-HQ) and (briefly) the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO). Canada also provided a Major-General who served as the Deputy Theatre Commander, UNPROFOR, until 31 Mar 1995 and then as the Deputy Theatre Commander, UNPF, until Jan 1996. MandateUNCRO headquartered in Zagreb and ran from 31 Mar 1995 to 15 Jan 1996. In Nov 1995 the mission had 6,581 troops under command, with 194 military observers and 296 civilian police supported by international and locally recruited civilian staff. The mission was established on 31 Mar 1995 to replace UNPROFOR in Croatia. The troops and observers were deployed in Serb-controlled Western Slavonia, the Krajina region and Eastern Slavonia. Observers were also stationed in the Prevlaka peninsula. The new mandate included: (a) performing the functions envisaged in the cease-fire agreement of 29 March 1994; (b) facilitating implementation of the economic agreement of 2 December 1994; (c) facilitating implementation of all relevant Security Council resolutions; (d) assisting in controlling, by monitoring and reporting, the crossing of military personnel, equipment, supplies and weapons, over the international borders between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) at the border crossings; (e) facilitating the delivery of international humanitarian assistance to Bosnia and Herzegovina through the territory of Croatia; and (f) monitoring the demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula. It was decided that UNCRO should be an interim arrangement to create the conditions that would facilitate a negotiated settlement consistent with the territorial integrity of Croatia and which would guarantee the security and rights of all communities living in Croatia. Croatia's reintegration by force of Western Slavonia and the Krajina region in May and August 1995 effectively eliminated the need for United Nations troops in those areas and their withdrawal was initiated. However, in Eastern Slavonia - the last Serb-controlled territory in Croatia - the mandate of UNCRO remained essentially unchanged. The Government of Croatia and the Croatian Serb leadership agreed to resolve the issue of Eastern Slavonia through negotiation. United Nations-sponsored talks concluded with the signing of the Basic Agreement on the Region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium on 12 Nov. The Agreement provided for the peaceful integration into Croatia of that region and requested the Security Council to establish a transitional administration to govern the region during the transitional period. Following the establishment of the United Nations administration, the mandate of UNCRO was terminated on 15 Jan 1996. FatalitiesSixteen military personnel of various nations were killed during this mission. Canadian ParticipationClose to 2,000 CF personnel served in a variety of missions in the former Yugoslavia from the Feb 1992 until Dec 1995, securing the Sarajevo airport, providing humanitarian relief, and protecting demilitarized zones around Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. 13 personnel were also involved in monitoring "no fly zones' over Bosnia-Herzegovina (1993 -1995). From 1993 to 1996 one frigate with 210 personnel were used for the enforcement of maritime sanctions against the Former Republic of Yugoslavia. In 1995 some staff participated in the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation mission (UNCRO) as well. Several personnel and aircraft were also involved the Sarajevo Airlift from 1992 to 1996. In 1995 NATO replaced the United Nations as the sponsor of this mission. Insignia
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