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History |
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Wars & Campaigns |
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►Boer
War
►First
World War
►►Western
Front
►►►Trench
Warfare: 1914-1916
►►►Allied
Offensive: 1916
►►►Allied
Offensives: 1917
►►►German
Offensive: 1918
►►►Advance
to Victory: 1918
►►Siberia
►Second
World War
►►War
Against Japan
►►North
Africa
►►Italian
Campaign
►►►Sicily
►►►Southern
Italy
►►►The
Sangro and Moro
►►►Battles
of the FSSF
►►►Cassino
►►►Liri
Valley
►►►Advance
to Florence
►►►Gothic
Line
►►►Winter
Lines
►►North-West
Europe
►►►Normandy
►►►Southern
France
►►►Channel
Ports
►►►Scheldt
►►►Nijmegen
Salient
►►►Rhineland
►►►Final
Phase
►Korean
War
►Cold
War
►Gulf
War |
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Operations |
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Battle Honours |
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Boer War
First World War
Western Front
Trench Warfare: 1914-1916
Allied Offensive: 1916
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►Somme, 1916 |
1
Jul-18 Nov 16 |
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►Albert |
.1-13
Jul 16 |
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►Bazentin |
.14-17
Jul 16 |
|
►Pozieres |
.23
Jul-3 Sep 16 |
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►Guillemont |
.3-6
Sep 16 |
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►Ginchy |
.9
Sep 16 |
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►Flers-Courcelette |
15-22
Sep 16 |
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►Thiepval |
26-29
Sep 16 |
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►Le Transloy |
.
1-18 Oct 16 |
Allied
Offensives: 1917
|
►Arras 1917 |
8
Apr-4 May 17 |
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►Vimy, 1917 |
.9-14
Apr 17 |
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►Arleux |
28-29 Apr 17 |
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►Scarpe, 1917 |
.3-4
May17 |
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►Hill 70 |
.15-25
Aug 17 |
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►Messines, 1917 |
.7-14
Jun 17 |
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►Ypres, 1917 |
..31
Jul-10 Nov 17 |
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►Pilckem |
31
Jul-2 Aug 17 |
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►Langemarck, 1917 |
.16-18
Aug 17 |
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►Menin Road |
.20-25
Sep 17 |
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►Polygon Wood |
26
Sep-3 Oct 17 |
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►Broodseinde |
.4
Oct 17 |
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►Poelcapelle |
.9
Oct 17 |
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►Passchendaele |
.12
Oct 17 |
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►Cambrai, 1917 |
20
Nov-3 Dec 17 |
German Offensive: 1918
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►Somme, 1918 |
.21
Mar-5 Apr 18 |
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►St. Quentin |
.21-23
Mar 18 |
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►Bapaume, 1918 |
.24-25
Mar 18 |
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►Rosieres |
.26-27
Mar 18 |
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►Avre |
.4
Apr 18 |
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►Lys |
.9-29
Apr 18 |
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►Estaires |
.9-11
Apr 18 |
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►Messines, 1918 |
.10-11
Apr 18 |
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►Bailleul |
.13-15
Apr 18 |
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►Kemmel |
.17-19
Apr 18 |
Advance to Victory: 1918
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►Arras, 1918 |
.26
Aug-3 Sep 18 |
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►Scarpe, 1918 |
26-30 Aug 18. |
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►Drocourt-Queant |
.2-3
Sep 18 |
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►Hindenburg Line |
.12
Sep-9 Oct 18 |
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►Canal du Nord |
.27
Sep-2 Oct 18 |
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►St. Quentin Canal |
.29
Sep-2 Oct 18 |
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►Epehy |
3-5
Oct 18 |
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►Cambrai, 1918 |
.8-9
Oct 18 |
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►Valenciennes |
.1-2
Nov 18 |
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►Sambre |
.4
Nov 18 |
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►Pursuit to Mons |
.28 Sep-11Nov |
Second World War
War Against Japan
South-East Asia
Italian Campaign
Battle of Sicily
Southern
Italy
The Sangro and Moro
Battles of the FSSF
|
►Anzio |
22
Jan-22 May 44 |
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►Rome |
.22
May-4 Jun 44 |
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►Advance
|
.22
May-22 Jun 44 |
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to the Tiber |
. |
|
►Monte Arrestino |
25
May 44 |
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►Rocca Massima |
27
May 44 |
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►Colle Ferro |
2
Jun 44 |
Cassino
|
►Cassino II |
11-18
May 44 |
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►Gustav Line |
11-18
May 44 |
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►Sant' Angelo in
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13
May 44 |
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Teodice |
. |
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►Pignataro |
14-15 May 44 |
Liri Valley
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►Hitler Line |
18-24 May 44 |
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►Melfa Crossing |
24-25 May 44 |
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►Torrice Crossroads |
30
May 44 |
Advance to Florence
Gothic Line
|
►Gothic Line |
25 Aug-22 Sep 44 |
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►Monteciccardo |
27-28 Aug 44 |
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►Point 204 (Pozzo Alto) |
31 Aug 44 |
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►Borgo Santa Maria |
1 Sep 44 |
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►Tomba di Pesaro |
1-2 Sep 44 |
Winter Lines
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►Rimini Line |
14-21 Sep 44 |
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►San Martino- |
14-18 Sep 44 |
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San Lorenzo |
. |
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►San Fortunato |
18-20 Sep 44 |
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►Sant' Angelo |
11-15 Sep 44 |
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in Salute |
. |
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►Bulgaria Village |
13-14 Sep 44 |
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►Pisciatello |
16-19 Sep 44 |
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►Savio Bridgehead |
20-23
Sep 44 |
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►Monte La Pieve |
13-19
Oct 44 |
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►Monte Spaduro |
19-24 Oct 44 |
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►Monte San Bartolo |
11-14
Nov 44 |
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►Lamone Crossing |
2-13
Dec 44 |
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►Capture of Ravenna |
3-4
Dec 44 |
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►Naviglio Canal |
12-15 Dec 44 |
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►Fosso Vecchio |
16-18 Dec 44 |
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►Fosso Munio |
19-21 Dec 44 |
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►Conventello- |
2-6 Jan 45 |
|
Comacchio |
. |
Northwest Europe
Battle of Normandy
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►Quesnay Road |
10-11 Aug 44 |
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►St. Lambert-sur- |
19-22 Aug 44 |
Southern France
Channel Ports
The Scheldt
Nijmegen Salient
Rhineland
|
►The
Reichswald |
8-13 Feb 45 |
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►Waal
Flats |
8-15 Feb 45 |
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►Moyland
Wood |
14-21 Feb 45 |
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►Goch-Calcar
Road |
19-21 Feb 45 |
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►The
Hochwald |
26
Feb- |
| . |
4
Mar 45 |
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►Veen |
6-10 Mar 45 |
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►Xanten |
8-9
Mar 45 |
Final Phase
|
►The
Rhine |
23
Mar-1 Apr 45 |
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►Emmerich-Hoch
|
28
Mar-1 Apr 45 |
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Elten |
. |
Korean War
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Domestic Missions |
|
►FLQ
Crisis |
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International
Missions |
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►ICCS
Vietnam 1973
►MFO
Sinai 1986- |
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Peacekeeping |
|
►UNTEA |
W. N. Guinea 1963-1964 |
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►ONUCA |
C. America
1989-1992 |
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►UNTAC |
Cambodia
1992-1993 |
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►UNMOP |
Prevlaka
1996-2001 |
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|
Exercises |
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United Nations
Forces in Cyprus
The United
Nations Forces in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was an international
peacekeeping mission begun in 1964 and continuing into
the 21st Century. The mandate of UNFICYP has been to
prevent warfare on the island of Cyprus. Canadian
contributed significantly to UNFICYP.
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Background
From the
official website of UNFICYP:
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The
Republic of Cyprus became an independent state
on 16 August 1960, and a member of the United
Nations one month later. The Constitution of the
Republic, which came into effect on the day of
independence, was intended to balance the
interests of both the Greek Cypriot and the
Turkish Cypriot communities. Cyprus, Greece,
Turkey and the United Kingdom entered into a
treaty to guarantee the basic provisions of the
Constitution and the territorial integrity and
sovereignty of Cyprus.
|
 |
-
The
application of the provisions of the Constitution,
however, encountered difficulties from the very
beginning and led to a succession of constitutional
crises. The accumulated tension between the two
communities resulted in the outbreak of violence on
the island on 21 December 1963. On 27 December, the
Security Council met to consider a complaint by Cyprus
charging intervention in its internal affairs and
aggression by Turkey. Turkey maintained that Greek
Cypriot leaders had tried for more than two years to
nullify the rights of the Turkish Cypriot community
and denied all charges of aggression.
Establishment of
UNFICYP
From the UNFICYP
website:
-
On 15 Feb
1964, after all attempts to restore peace on the
island had failed, the representatives of the United
Kingdom and of Cyprus requested urgent action by the
Security Council. On 4 March 1964, the Council
unanimously adopted resolution 186 (1964), by which it
recommended the establishment of the United Nations
Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). The Force
became operationally established on 27 March 1964.
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The mandate of
UNFICYP was originally defined in the following terms:
"…in the interest of preserving international peace
and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a
recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to
contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law
and order and a return to normal conditions." That
mandate, which was conceived in the context of the
confrontation between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish
Cypriot communities in 1964, has been periodically
extended by the Security Council.
-
A coup d'état
in Cyprus on 15 July 1974 by Greek Cypriot and Greek
elements favouring union with Greece was followed by
military intervention by Turkey, whose troops
established Turkish Cypriot control over the northern
part of the island. The Security Council called for a
ceasefire and laid the basis for negotiations between
Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom. A de facto
ceasefire came into effect on 16 Aug 1974.
The Canadian
Airborne Regiment was entangled in this military
invasion.
Maintenance of
Ceasefire and Military Status Quo
From the UNFICYP
website:
-
Following the
hostilities of July and August 1974, the Security
Council adopted a number of resolutions which have
affected the functioning of UNFICYP and have required
the Force to perform certain additional functions
relating, in particular, to the maintenance of the
ceasefire. Following the de facto ceasefire, UNFICYP
inspected the deployment of the Cyprus National Guard
and the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot forces, and
ceasefire lines and a buffer zone were established
between the areas controlled by the opposing forces.
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-
The ceasefire
lines extend approximately 180 kilometres across the
island. The buffer zone between the lines varies in
width from less than 20 metres to some 7 kilometres,
and it covers about 3 per cent of the island,
including some of the most valuable agricultural land.
Strict adherence to the military status quo in the
buffer zone, as recorded by UNFICYP at the time, has
become a vital element in preventing a recurrence of
fighting. UNFICYP maintains surveillance through a
system of observation posts, and through air, vehicle
and foot patrols.
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-
The task of
UNFICYP is significantly complicated by the absence of
a formal ceasefire agreement. As a result, UNFICYP is
confronted with hundreds of incidents each year. The
most serious incidents tend to occur in areas where
the ceasefire lines are in close proximity,
particularly in Nicosia and its suburbs. The Force
investigates and acts upon all violations of the
ceasefire and the military status quo. Its reaction in
each case depends on the nature of the incident and
may include the deployment of troops, verbal and
written protests and follow-up action to ensure that
the violation has been rectified or will not recur. In
addition to maintaining the military status quo,
UNFICYP must also preserve the integrity of the buffer
zone from unauthorized entry or activities by
civilians. As a result, UNFICYP has from time to time
become involved in crowd control.
Operation
SNOWGOOSE
Operation
SNOWGOOSE was the name for Canada's participation in
UNFICYP. This participation began in 1964 as a
battalion-sized contingent of peacekeeping troops, whose
mission was to help monitor the cease-fire between Greek
and Turkish Cypriots. The mission was maintained as a
battalion sized contingent until 1993. Over 25,000
Canadian soldiers served as part of Operation SNOWGOOSE.
Canada maintained a CF staff officer at UNFICYP
headquarters in Nicosia after 1993 and into the 21st
Century.
Rotations
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Aug 87 - Mar
88 5e Régiment d'Artillerie Légère du Canada
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Mar 88 - Aug
88 3 PPCLI
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Aug 88 - Mar
89 Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)
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Mar 89 - Sept
89 Royal Canadian Dragoons (RCD)
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Sept 89 - Mar
90 1 RCR
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Mar 90 - Aug
90 2 PPCLI
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Aug 90 - Mar
91 12e Règiment Blindé du Canada
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Mar 91 - Aug
91 1 PPCLI
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Aug 91 - Mar
92 2 RCR
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Mar 92 - Aug
92 3 R22eR
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Aug 92 - Feb
93 1 Royal Canadian Horse Artillery (RCHA)
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Feb 93 - Jun
93 2 Royal Canadian Horse Artillery (RCHA)
Fatalities
-
Trooper Joseph
H. CAMPBELL, Royal Canadian Dragoons, 31 Jul 1964
-
Lieutenant
Kenneth E. EDMONDS, CD Canadian Intelligence Corps (att
HQ, Nicosia Zone), 25 Dec 1964
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Rifleman Perry
J. HOARE, 1st Battalion, The Queen's Own Rifles of
Canada, 14 Aug 1965
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Guardsman
Joseph J.P. CHARTIER, 2nd Battalion, The Canadian
Guards, 14 Mar 1966
-
Private Joseph
P.E. BERNARD, 2nd Battalion, The Black Watch (Royal
Highland Regiment) of Canada, 9 Jul 1966
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Trooper
Lennard W. NASS, 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess
Louise's), 27 Sep 1966
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Corporal Otto
J. REDMOND, 1st Battalion, The Royal Canadian
Regiment, 10 Mar 1967
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Corporal
Kenneth A. SALMON, Canadian Provost Corps, 24 Sep 1967
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Private John
A. LERUE, 2nd Battalion, The Black Watch (Royal
Highland Regiment) of Canada, 9 Feb 1970
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Private
Theodore J. HALL, CD 1st Battalion, TheRoyal Canadian
Regiment, 31 Jul 1970
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Corporal
Perley C. ISENOR, 3 Service Battalion, Logistics
Branch, 25 Oct 1970
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Master
Corporal Joseph R.M.J.P. LESSARD, 2nd Battalion,
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, 1 Dec
1972
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Corporal
Aloysius ROACH, CD, Logistics Branch (att 2 RCR), 17
Feb 1974
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Sergeant
Charles Alexander Herbin WAMBACK, Canadian Forces
Photographic Unit, 30 Jun 19742
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Trooper
J.L.Gilbert PERRON, The Canadian Airborne Regiment, 6
Aug 1974
-
Trooper
J.J.Claude BERGER, The Canadian Airborne Regiment, 10
Sep 1974
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Captain Ian E.
PATTEN, CD The Royal Canadian Regiment, 1 Apr 1975
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Private S.J.
KOHLMAN, 1st Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment,
11 Apr 1975
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Captain
Kenneth C. CRAWFORD, Canadian Forces Medical Service (att
3 PPCLI), 20 Dec 1975
-
Private D.R.
KRIEGER, 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian
Light Infantry, 17 Aug 1976
-
Sergeant (R)
J.R.Andre DUPONT, Logistics Branch, 8 Med Coy (att 12
RBC), 24 Mar 1977
-
Master
Corporal J.D.G. McINNIS, 3rd Battalion, Princess
Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, 30 Mar 1980
-
Private J.R.E.
ARCHAMBAULT, 2e Bataillon, Royal 22e Regiment, 30 Nov
1981
-
Private A.J.
PRINS, 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian
Light Infantry, 26 Sep 1982
-
Private M.D.
WILSON, 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian
Light Infantry, 22 Jan 1983
-
Master
Corporal Mark MacCrae, Communications and
Electronics Branch, 6 Dec 19861
-
Private Thomas
J. TROTTIER, 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's
Canadian Light Infantry, 25 Apr 1988
-
Sergeant
Donald L. KLOSS, 2nd Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse
Artillery, 8 Apr 1993
Photo of UNFICYP memorial,
from the Directorate of History and Heritage website.2
Insignia
Canadian forces
deployed to Operation SNOWGOOSE were distinguished by
the use of UN blue headdress and cap badges; all
vehicles were also painted white and marked with United
Nations markings.
|
|
The
UNFICYP Medal was awarded for 30 days service with
UNFICYP between 27 Mar 1964 and 27 Mar 1965, and
for a minimum of ninety days service after 27 Mar
1965. |
Notes
1. Thank you to Larry
Lalonde who advised the webmaster that this name was
missing from the list in January 2019.
2. Thank you to Lt(N)
Jeffrey Leung (OP SNOWGOOSE July 2018-July 2019) for
additional information on this page. |
